Understanding Actinomycosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

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Actinomycosis

by Alike Medical Team ∙ Updated on June 13, 2023

General

Actinomycosis is a rare bacterial infection that typically affects the face, neck, chest, abdomen, or pelvis. It is caused by Actinomyces bacteria, which are usually found in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. The infection can occur when these bacteria penetrate deep tissues due to injury, surgery, or dental work.

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Signs & symptoms

The symptoms of actinomycosis can vary depending on the location of the infection. Some common symptoms include: * Swelling and redness of the affected area * Pain or tenderness * Abscess formation * Drainage of pus or other fluids * Formation of sinus tracts (tunnels) beneath the skin * Weight loss and fatigue (in advanced cases)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of actinomycosis can be challenging due to its rarity and nonspecific symptoms. A biopsy of the affected tissue or aspirate of pus or fluid may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. Imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI may also be performed to assess the extent of the infection.

Treatment

The treatment of actinomycosis usually involves a combination of antibiotics and surgical drainage or debridement of abscesses or infected tissue. The choice of antibiotics depends on the location and severity of the infection, as well as the patient's medical history and allergies. Antibiotic treatment usually lasts for several weeks to several months, and close follow-up is necessary to ensure that the infection has been eradicated. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue or to drain abscesses that do not respond to antibiotics. In advanced cases, hospitalization may be necessary for intravenous antibiotic therapy and supportive care. It is important to note that early diagnosis and treatment of actinomycosis can improve the chances of a full recovery and prevent complications.

Note

☝ We provide information on prescription and over-the-counter medicines, diagnosis, procedures and lab tests. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.

National Institutes of Health ∙ World Health Organization ∙ MedlinePluse ∙ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

☝ All information has been reviewed by certified physicians from Alike

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